完形填空題

In the same way that a child must be able to move his legs before he can learn to walk，the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning.Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by 1 learning takes place.One kind of learning is called“classical conditioning”.This occurs when one event or stimulus is paired with or followed 2，a reward or punishment.It is through classical conditioning 3 a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love，for he learns that this person provides food and 4.

The second kind of learning is called“operational conditioning”.This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments.For example，if a mother 5 attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet，she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from his mother.6，the baby will learn to 7 his crying in order to have his mother more.Negative emotions are learned in a similar way.

Every day，we grow and have new experience.We constantly learn by reading，watching television，interacting with other people，and so forth.This learning 8 our emotions.Why is it that we learn to like some people but dislike others？If a person is nice to us，cares about us，we learn to associate this person with 9 feelings，such as happiness，friendliness，etc.On the other hand，if a person is mean to us，does not care about us，and even 10 does things to harm us，we learn to associate this person with unhappiness，anger，etc.

（  ）1.A.that    B.them    C.which    D.what

1.C【解析】此句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞processes作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。

（  ）2.A.up    B.with    C.by    D.from

2.C【解析】be followed by為固定搭配，意為“緊跟著，緊隨其后”。

（  ）3.A.that    B.so that    C.such    D.such as

3.A【解析】“it is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他”為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其中that不能用其他詞代替。

（  ）4.A.drink    B.comfort    C.freedom    D.sympathy

4.B【解析】drink“酒，飲料”；comfort“安慰”；freedom“自由”；sympathy“同情”。前面提到孩子學(xué)會(huì)把媽媽的臉和聲音與幸福和愛(ài)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，后面解釋原因：因?yàn)樗肋@個(gè)人（即媽媽）給他提供食物和____。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，首先排除C、D，而嬰幼兒的主要食物就是奶，因此也不需要drink。故選B。

（  ）5.A.always    B.sometimes    C.seldom    D.never

5.A【解析】句意：例如，如果一個(gè)母親在孩子哭時(shí)_____去照顧他直至他安靜下來(lái)，那她是在教孩子，他哭就能獲得媽媽的注意。根據(jù)空格后的內(nèi)容可以判斷，只有孩子一哭媽媽總是去哄，孩子才會(huì)認(rèn)為哭會(huì)得到媽媽的注意。故選A。

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